In the President’s Radio Address of March 22, 2003 he stated that the mission behind the U.S./Coalition invasion of Iraq was to “to disarm Iraq of weapons of mass destruction, to end Saddam Hussein’s support for terrorism, and to free the Iraqi people.” There is no denial that he made these statements; it is a matter of public record. In later addresses he alluded to intelligence information that substantiated the credibility of the claims that Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction and that Saddam Hussein supported terrorist activities around the Middle East directed at American allies and interests. This is also a part of the public record and I will make no attempt to deny any of these statements in this document.
To begin with, let’s examine what information he might have had available to him that would lead him to believe that Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction.
In 1977 Jimmy Carter was inaugurated as the President of the United States. One of his primary campaign stances was his desire to make post-Vietnam American power and foreign policy more benevolent. To initiate this goal he created a special Office of Human Rights that immediately began to involve itself in human rights issues around the globe. One location this group came to focus on was the country of Iran and the administration of that country by Mohammad Reza Pahlavi otherwise known as the Shah of Iran. At the time, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was the United States staunchest ally in the Middle East and, in an otherwise unstable region, the country of Iran was a bedrock of stability. The Iranian Islamic revolutionary movement led by the exiled Ayatollah Khomeini opposed the Shah’s autocratic pro-Western rule. This revolutionary movement gained significant ground as Carter increased the pressure on the Shah through the newly formed Office of Human Rights and to make a long story short, the Shah was overthrown and left the country on January 16, 1979. The United States tried to mitigate Jimmy Carter’s damage to our relationship with Iran but on 22 October 1979, when the former Shah was admitted to the U.S. for treatment of lymphatic cancer the Ayatollah Khomeini became furious and denounced the U.S. as the “Great Satan.” On 4 November 1979, during an Iranian student demonstrations encouraged by the Ayatollah, the U.S Embassy in Tehran was targeted and the embassy staff were taken hostage with the intent to exchange them for the property and money of the deposed Shah. Eleven months later, on 22 September 1980, Iraq invaded Iran under the mistaken belief that Iran’s state of disarray would lead to a quick victory. The American people, dissatisfied with Carter’s inability to stabilize the oil crisis and secure the release of the hostages taken from the Tehran embassy, overwhelmingly voted to replace him with Ronald Reagan in 1980.
The Presidential office into which Reagan was inaugurated in 1981 was laden with Carter’s mistakes as well as a host of other problems. The American economy demanded stabilization of the oil crisis and the people demanded an end to the hostage crisis. One of Reagan’s first executive orders resolved the hostage situation by releasing the 8 billion dollars in Iranian funds secured in American banks and the hostage crisis was over. The oil crisis was more problematic and Regan’s advisors counseled that the United States needed to regain the foothold in the Middle East that we lost with the downfall of the Shah. Inasmuch as the U.S. relations with Iran were, for the most part, in the toilet, the only available alternative was to deal with Saddam and figure out a way to get past the hostility that resulted from the U.S. support of Israel during the 1967 Arab-Israeli war.
Initially, Iraq advanced far into Iranian territory, but was driven back within months. By mid-1982, Iraq was on the defensive against Iranian human-wave attacks. The U.S., having decided that an Iranian victory would not serve its interests, began supporting Iraq: measures already underway to upgrade U.S.-Iraq relations were accelerated, high-level officials exchanged visits, and in February 1982 the State Department removed Iraq from its list of states supporting international terrorism. In December of that same year Hughes Aircraft shipped 60 Defender helicopters to Iraq and 11 months later the United States issued a National Security Directive stating that the U.S would do “whatever was necessary and legal” to prevent Iraq from losing its war with Iran. Within mere days following that directive Banca Nazionale del Lavoro of Italy and its Branch in Atlanta begin to funnel $5 billion in unreported loans to Iraq. Iraq, with the blessing and official approval of the US government, purchased computer controlled machine tools, computers, scientific instruments, special alloy steel and aluminum, chemicals, and other industrial goods for Iraq’s missile, chemical, biological and nuclear weapons programs. Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Egypt began to transfer weapons purchased from the U.S. to Iraq. These shipments included Howitzers, Huey helicopters, and bombs. Between 1982 and 1988 when the Iraq/Iran war ended the United States used methods both legal and illegal to help build Saddam’s army into the most powerful army in the Mideast outside of Israel. The US supplied chemical and biological agents and technology to Iraq when it knew Iraq was using chemical weapons against the Iranians. The US supplied the materials and technology for these weapons of mass destruction to Iraq at a time when it was know that Saddam was using this technology to kill his Kurdish citizens. The United States supplied intelligence and battle planning information to Iraq when those battle plans included the use of cyanide, mustard gas and nerve agents. The United States blocked UN censure of Iraq’s use of chemical weapons. The United States did not act alone in this effort. The Soviet Union was the largest weapons supplier, but England, France and Germany were also involved in the shipment of arms and technology.
German firms such as Karl Kobe helped build Iraqi chemical weapons facilities such as laboratories, bunkers, an administrative building, and first production buildings in the early 1980s under the cover of a pesticide plant. Other German firms sent 1,027 tons of precursors of mustard gas, sarin, tabun, and tear gasses in all. This work allowed Iraq to produce 150 tons of mustard agent and 60 tons of Tabun in 1983 and 1984 respectively, continuing throughout the decade. Five other German firms supplied equipment to manfacture botulin toxin and mycotoxin for germ warfare. In 1988, German engineers presented centrifuge data that helped Iraq expand its nuclear weapons program.
France built Iraq’s Osirak nuclear reactor in the late 1970s. Israel claimed that Iraq was getting close to building nuclear weapons, and so bombed it in 1981. Later, a French company built a turnkey factory which helped make nuclear fuel. France also provided glass-lined reactors, tanks, vessels, and columns used for the production of chemical weapons. Around 21% of Iraq’s international chemical weapon equipment was French. Strains of dual-use biological material also helped advance Iraq’s biological warfare program.
Italy gave Iraq plutonium extraction facilities that advanced Iraq’s nuclear weapon program. 75,000 shells and rockets designed for chemical weapon use also came from Italy. Between 1979 and 1982 Italy gave depleted, natural, and low-enriched uranium.
Swiss companies aided in Iraq’s nuclear weapons development in the form of specialized presses, milling machines, grinding machines, electrical discharge machines, and equipment for processing uranium to nuclear weapon grade.
Brazil secretly aided the Iraqi nuclear weapon program by supplying natural uranium dioxide between 1981 and 1982 without notifying the IAEA. About 100 tons of mustard gas also came from Brazil.
The United Kingdom paid for a chlorine factory that was intended to be used for manufacturing mustard gas. The government secretly gave the arms company Matrix Churchill permission to supply parts for the Iraqi supergun.
An Austrian company gave Iraq calutrons for enriching uranium. The nation also provided heat exchangers, tanks, condensers, and columns for the Iraqi chemical weapons infrastructure, 16% of the international sales.
Singapore gave 4,515 tons of precursors for VX, sarin, tabun, and mustard gasses to Iraq.
The Dutch gave 4,261 tons of precursors for sarin, tabun, mustard, and tear gasses to Iraq.
Egypt gave 2,400 tons of tabun and sarin precursors to Iraq and 28,500 tons of weapons designed for carrying chemical munitions.
India gave 2,343 tons of precursors to VX, tabun, Sarin, and mustard gasses.
Luxembourg gave Iraq 650 tons of mustard gas precursors.
Spain gave Iraq 57,500 munitions designed for carrying chemical weapons. In addition, they provided reactors, condensers, columns and tanks for Iraq’s chemical warfare program, 4.4% of the international sales.
China provided 45,000 munitions designed for chemical warfare.
Portugal provided yellowcake between 1980 and 1982.
Niger provided yellowcake in 1981.
If you piled all of the chemicals and equipment that flowed into Iraq between 1982 and 1988, from virtually every country on the planet for the purpose of manufacturing chemical, biological and nuclear weapons of mass destruction, you would have a toxic mountain higher than Mt. Everest. Furthermore, the end of the Iraq/Iran war not the conclusion of Saddam Hussein’s accumulation of equipment and chemicals for the manufacture and production of chemical, biological and nuclear weapons. If anything, he accelerated his efforts. When George W. Bush initiated the invasion of Iraq in 2003 he knew beyond any reasonable doubt that Saddam Hussein not only had weapons of mass destruction, he had used them in the past. He knew this for the same reason that Germany, Italy, Great Britain, Russia, China, Sweden, Spain, Portugal, Austria, Egypt, India and a host of other countries knew about it. Every single one of them had dumped their stockpiles of materials used for the manufacture of chemical, biological and nuclear weapons on Saddam during the eight year war. Furthermore, George Bush had access to the same intelligence briefings that Bill Clinton had before him when in 1998 Clinton ordered the cruise missile strike against Iraq’s more uninhabited regions with the same justification that Bush used in 2003.
“Earlier today I ordered America’s armed forces to strike military and security targets in Iraq. They are joined by British forces, their mission is to attack Iraq’s nuclear, chemical and biological weapons programs and its military capacity to threaten its neighbors,” said Clinton.
Clinton also stated that, while other countries also had weapons of mass destruction, Hussein is in a different category because he has used such weapons against his own people and against his neighbors.
Source: http://www.cnn.com/US/9812/16/clinton.iraq.speech/
It is unfortunate that despite Clinton’s insight into the development of WMD’s by Saddam Hussein, he couldn’t muster anything but a half-baked effort. The 20 cruise missiles Clinton ordered to be launched into Iraq hit nothing of significance (unless you’re talking to the spouse of one of the civilians killed) and merely served to strengthen Saddam’s resolve to increase both his production and the level of secrecy surrounding it.
Furthermore –
In December 2002, Iraq’s 1,200 page “Weapons Declaration” revealed a list of Eastern and Western corporations and countries, as well as individuals, that exported a total of 17,602 tons of chemical precursors to Iraq in the past two decades. By far, the largest suppliers of precursors for chemical weapons production were in Singapore (4,515 tons), the Netherlands (4,261 tons), Egypt (2,400 tons), India (2,343 tons), and Federal Republic of Germany (1,027 tons). One Indian company, Exomet Plastics (now part of EPC Industrie) sent 2,292 tons of precursor chemicals to Iraq. The Kim Al-Khaleej firm, located in Singapore and affiliated to United Arab Emirates, supplied more than 4,500 tons of VX, sarin, and mustard gas precursors and production equipment to Iraq.
So, with regard to the allegation that George W. Bush faked the intelligence information to show that Saddam had weapons of mass destruction, that allegation could not be more false. Did George Bush lie about Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction programs? Absolutely not
If there anything people should be asking with respect to all of this, it is not about the quality and credibility of Bush’s intelligence information, but what happened to the world’s single largest stockpile of chemical, biological and nuclear weapons ever amassed? Where are they?
On March 9, 2004 the US military discovered a numerous Russian-made R-60 and AA-8 Aphid air-to-air missiles with radioactive uranium wrapped around a high explosive warhead in a design that could only be conceived of for its value as a “dirty bomb.” The uranium was not pure enough or in sufficiently large enough quantities to be considered a nuclear warhead and the only other purpose these devices could possible have would be to contaminate a small area with nuclear radiation.
On June 29, 2006, 500 chemical munitions found in Iraq by the U.S. military. These were primarily missiles with explosive warheads filled with the nerve agent Sarin. By US military standards the missiles attached to these warheads are considered fairly obsolete. Because they had been exposed to the elements they were rusty and many of their engines were packed with sand, rendering them unworkable (without cleaning). The Sarin inside the warheads was probably manufactured around 1991, however, the nerve agent was contained in hermetically sealed chambers shielded from any potentially damaging source of ultraviolet / infrared light. Despite the rust, sand and the dents in the fins of these missiles, the explosive warhead and the sarin core is as deadly today as it was the day it was manufactured. One such device was dismantled and used to construct a roadside bomb that put two Americans in the hospital with sarin poisoning.
Indications of the chemical precursors used to manufacture WMDs have been found in many locations but the large stockpiles of equipment and weapons have not been discovered. Intelligence gathered since the invasion of March 2003 has led U.S. officials to surmise that Saddam dismantled the majority of his production facilities and either shipped the equipment and materials out of the country prior to the invasion or hid it somewhere in Iraq where it may never be found. A good deal of substantiation exists to warrant the belief that Syria may have been the recipient of Saddam’s going out of business give-a-way.
Supporting Terrorist Activities
The justifications given by George W. Bush prior to the American invasion of Iraq were based largely on intelligence data handed down to him directly from former President Clinton. This is as true for Saddam’s active support of world-wide terrorist groups as it was for Saddam’s weapons program to develop weapons of mass destruction.
During President Clinton’s eight years in office, there were at least two official pronouncements of an alarming alliance between Baghdad and al Qaeda. One came from William S. Cohen, Mr. Clinton’s defense secretary when he cited an al Qaeda-Baghdad link to justify the bombing of a pharmaceutical plant in Sudan. The second pronouncement is contained in a Justice Department indictment on Nov. 4, 1998, charging bin Laden with murder in the bombings of two U.S. embassies in Africa.
The indictment disclosed a close relationship between al Qaeda and Saddam’s regime, which included specialists on chemical weapons and all types of bombs, including truck bombs, a favorite weapon of terrorists.
The 1998 indictment stated: “Al Qaeda also forged alliances with the National Islamic Front in the Sudan and with the government of Iran and its associated terrorist group Hezbollah for the purpose of working together against their perceived common enemies in the West, particularly the United States. In addition, al Qaeda reached an understanding with the government of Iraq that al Qaeda would not work against that government and that on particular projects, specifically including weapons development, al Qaeda would work cooperatively with the government of Iraq.”
Shortly after the embassy bombings, Mr. Clinton ordered air strikes on al Qaeda training camps in Afghanistan and on the Shifa pharmaceutical factory in Sudan. To justify the Sudanese plant as a target, Clinton aides said it was involved in the production of deadly VX nerve gas. Officials further determined that bin Laden owned a stake in the operation and that its manager had traveled to Baghdad to learn bomb-making techniques from Saddam’s weapons scientists.
In an Iraqi televised speech by Saddam Hussein on March 4, 2002 he stated, “We are glad of the Istishhadiyyah [suicide] and heroic spirit of the Palestinian people. By Allah, what the Palestinian people does is beyond my expectations…”
On 11 March 2002, Iraqi deputy prime minister Tariq Aziz announced at a Baghdad meeting of Arab politicians and businessmen “President Saddam Hussein has recently told the head of the Palestinian political office, Faroq al-Kaddoumi, his decision to raise the sum granted to each family of the martyrs of the Palestinian uprising to $25,000 instead of $10,000.” Reuters released the story of the meeting including the statement of Aziz on 12 March 2002.
Saddam Hussein’s vice president, Taha Yassin Ramadan, is the man who Israeli intelligence believes was directly involved in funneling money from Baghdad into the hands of the families of homicide bombers. Documents that the Israeli Defense Force captured in the Palestinian town of Ramallah indicate that Vice President Ramadan used the Arab Liberation Front, the Palestinian Liberation Front, and the Palestinian branch of the Iraqi Baathist party to pass these funds into the hands of terrorists’ families.
Abu Abbas, the terrorist scum that shot Leon Klinghoffer to death while he sat helpless in his wheelchair abord the Achille Lauro and then rolled him, wheelchair and all, into the Mediterranean on 9 October 1985 was the holder of an Iraqi diplomatic passport. The source of this information is Bettino Craxi, who, at the time of the hijacking, was Italy’s prime minister.
The hijackers of the Achille Lauro surrendered to Egyptian authorities in exchange for safe passage to Tunisia. Abu Abbas then joined them on a flight aboard an Egypt Air jet. However, four U.S. fighter planes forced the airliner to land at a NATO base in Sicily. Italian officials took the hijackers into custody but because of the diplomatic passport and the fact that the plane was on an official mission, considered covered by diplomatic immunity and extra-territorial status in the air and on the ground Italian authorities felt they had no choice but to release it and the hijackers. Abu Abbas finally ended up in Baghdad in 1994, where he lived comfortably as one of Saddam Hussein’s guests. U.S. soldiers caught Abbas in Iraq in April 2003. This time, he did not get away. He died on 9 March 2004 , in American custody, reportedly of natural causes.
Abu Nidal lived comfortably in Iraq between 1999 and August 2002. As the Associated Press reported on August 21, 2002, Nidal’s Beirut office said he entered Iraq “with the full knowledge and preparations of the Iraqi authorities.” Prior to his relocation, he ran the Abu Nidal Organization, a Palestinian terror network behind attacks in 20 countries, at least 407 confirmed murders, and some 788 other terror-related injuries. Nidal’s group used guns and grenades to attack a ticket counter at Rome’s Leonardo da Vinci airport on December 27, 1985. Another cell in Austria simultaneously assaulted Vienna’s airport, killing 19 people. Among the five Americans that Abu Nidal murdered that day was John Buonocore III, a 20-year-old Fairleigh Dickinson College student who had studied in Rome that fall semester. Buonocore was shot in the back while checking in for his flight home. He had hoped to return to Wilmington, Delaware to help his father celebrate his 50th birthday. If there is any justice here, perhaps it is the fact that Abu Nidal died in August 2002. Saddam Hussein’s government claimed that he committed suicide by shooting himself in the head — four times.
Hisham al Hussein, the former second secretary at Iraq’s embassy in Manila was expelled from the Phillipines on 13 February 2003, just five weeks before the start of Operation Iraqi Freedom. Cell phone records indicated he had spoken with Abu Madja and Hamsiraji Sali, two leaders of Abu Sayyaf, al-Qaeda’s de facto franchise for the Philippines. The timing was particularly suspicious, as he had been in contact with the Abu Sayyaf terrorists just before and after they conducted an attack in Zamboanga City.
The incidents and individuals described above represent only a partial listing of known terrorists and terrorist activities supported by Saddam. With that partial listing and with the knowledge of the two Clinton pronouncements and the indictment filed in 1998 by the Clinton administration in mind, you have to ask yourself , “Who is the liar in this specific situation?”
“I never believed in the link between Saddam Hussein, Osama bin Laden, al-Qaeda and Islamist terrorism.”
Former Secretary of State Madeleine Albright
Essay published in Australia’s Melbourne Herald Sun on 21 October 2003
“Iraq was not a breeding ground for terrorism. Our invasion has made it one. We were told Iraq was attracting terrorists from al Qaeda. It was not.”
Senator Ted Kennedy on 16 October 2003
“As we all know by now there was never a proven link between Saddam, al-Qaida or even the Crips.”
Richard Cohen, one of the few Washinton Times colunnists who possesses the ability to whine in print
“The evidence now shows clearly that Saddam did not want to work with Osama bin Laden at all.”
Al Gore 2003
“Iraq was not a terrorist haven before the invasion”
John F. Kerry – Philadelphia 24 September 2004
“Iraq was not even close to the center of the War on Terror before the president invaded it.”
John F. Kerry – Presidential Debate 30 September 2004
Clearly the Democratic National Party felt that George W. Bush was a bigger threat to their continued existence that either Saddam Hussein or Osama bin Laden because every single individual quoted above had full access to the same information that I am giving here. However, with that said I must not underestimate the tenacity with which a good Democrat clings to the party line regardless of how false that line may be, so, in conclusion (and with respect to Saddam’s support for radical Islamic terrorists) I will add the following.
The link between the Iraqi regime of Saddam Hussein and many of the world’s radical Islamic fundamentalist terror organizations has been irrefutably verified through the some of the more than 2 million exploitable items of intelligence value recovered in postwar Iraq. In the ongoing effort to complete the translation and analyses of the entire collection that includes photographs, handwritten notes, typed documents, audiotapes, videotapes, compact discs, floppy discs, and computer hard drives, American intelligence officials have reportedly discovered a wealth of information directly related to Saddam Hussein’s terrorist training programs. Recently released information resulting from this ongoing effort indicate that Saddam trained thousands of radical Islamic terrorists including fighters who were drawn from terrorist groups such as Algeria’s GSPC and the Sudanese Islamic Army in northern Africa with close ties to al Qaeda. Between 1999 and 2002, elite Iraqi military units took in and provided training for some 2000 terrorists every year at three primary locations in Iraq, Samarra, Ramadi, and Salman Pak. This information was further substantiated in statements taken by U.S. government interrogators from Iraqi regime officials and military leaders detained by the U.S.
One article published on the discovery of this information is available online at,
http://www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2004/10/4/141421.shtml
Most dedicated readers of American newspapers can be excused for their misconception that absolutely nothing of any benefit has resulted from America’s invasion of Iraq. After all, this is the primary headline carried on the front of newspapers all across the country and the American public has had few opportunities to read about anything good that has been accomplished. I won’t even begin to attempt to analyze the reasons behind this because I believe those reasons are very evident and, unfortunately, I cannot give a comprehensive list of everything beneficial that has been accomplished since March 2003 because that is a very long list. I will, however, provide a partial listing of some of the highlights.
Chief among the benefits to the American people as well as to the people of both Iraq and Afghanistan is the fact that the Taliban government of Afghanistan has been deposed and Saddam Hussein has been toppled from power. The perpetrators of 9-11 that may or may not remain alive are hiding in some dank cave afraid to show their faces. The strength of their former terrorist network is in tatters and still unraveling and the vast majority of the groups 2001 leaders are either dead or in prison while their replacements are characteristically subject to a high turnover rate and their life expectancy is extremely short. The dream of Saddam Hussein, to gain the iron-fisted control of two thirds of the world’s oil supply and build an arsenal of weapons so vast and deadly that no one would ever dare to provoke him, has been completely destroyed. Saddam now sits in a small jail cell in Baghdad awaiting his own inevitable execution at the hands of the people he once oppressed so ruthlessly.
Since March 2003 when the United State first invaded Iraq over 240 hospitals and 2400 primary health care clinics have been brought up to American standards and made fully operational; there are an additional 57 healthcare centers and 12 hospitals currently being renovated and brought up to standards. Nursing and hospital staff are being trained by the hundreds.
For the first time in over thirty years children are being vaccinated against smallpox and inoculated against other common childhood diseases. Pediatricians have become available to examine and treat thousands of children that have never seen a doctor in the past.
More than 2500 schools have been renovated and an additional 1500 schools are slated for renovation. School attendance is up 60% across the country. For the first time in thirty years Iraqi students are reading textbooks that do not attribute most of the West’s technological advancements made in the last fifty years to the brilliant mind of Saddam Hussein.
The massive dams built at Saddam Hussein’s direction resulted in the destruction of 90 percent of the southern wetlands where Marsh Arabs had lived for more than 5,000 years. These dams have been destroyed and the water they contained has been allowed to once again flow into the area many call the cradle of Western Civilization where it formerly provided homes and sustenance to hundreds of thousands of marshland inhabitants. While it make take years to rectify the massive environmental damage created by Saddam the process of healing has at least been started and, further damage to this region has been stopped.
Water treatment facilities have been built and service restored to thousands of people.
Roads have been repaired as well as railroad stations and airports.
Twelve new police stations and 120 border posts have been constructed.
The port at Umm Qasar, Iraq’s largest, is modern and fully functioning for the first time in 20 years.
The electrical generation of power has been restored and improved and there are more people taking advantage of the electricity today that there were prior to the US invasion.
Free elections have been held throughout Iraq and thousands of Iraqi citizens have braved the threat of insurgent violence to participate in Iraq’s democratic process.
There are also numerous problems ongoing.
Iran and Syria have dedicated much effort and great expense to ensure the failure of the United States effort in Iraq. They have trained, armed and equipped large numbers of terrorist insurgents recruited from numerous Muslim countries to go into Iraq and further the cause of Islamic revolution. This has resulted in a dramatic increase in civilian deaths inside Iraq and created widespread disfavor with the Iraqi people regarding their own government and the coalition troops struggling to contain the violence.
Restoring the infrastructure of Iraq to the point where all services can become dependable and available to all is a costly and time consuming effort. It is an effort that will not be completed by the United States and its coalition partners but, hopefully by the Iraqi citizens who will gain the knowledge and confidence in their own abilities through the educational processes opened for them as a direct result of American intervention.
Whether or not the concept of freedom planted by our efforts in this distant country will someday take root and grow is, at this point, a matter of speculation. The ongoing effort of America’s more liberal political faction appears inclined to destroy the work already completed for the sole benefit realized by bringing discredit to the current president responsible for initiating that work. The American people have been carefully spoon fed nothing but the negative events and developments resulting from their military’s Iraqi intervention while the benefit and extreme gratitude felt by the Iraqi people for the sacrifices made on their behalf is denied publication. This constant diet of bad news has taken its toll and the pressure is constantly building to withdraw American involvement without regard for the tragically destructive consequences that would quickly result or the very real threat to our own national security that would certainly develop as a direct result of giving Iran the chance to achieve Saddam’s lost dream of controlling the majority of the world’s oil supply and a massive arsenal of dangerous weapons to threaten or destroy any who provoked their wrath.
In closing this extended document, I will add that the actions of President George W. Bush, while not perfect in every regard, are courageous in comparison to those of most past American presidents. Whether or not this level of courage is required in order to call oneself a man is not a question that I would entertain because I do not believe that it is either logical or relevant. That being said, the courage to do what he felt was right and the tenacity to continue what he started despite the political repercussions he has suffered as a result are, without question, admirable. Courage is a quality that is entirely independent of gender. It is the demonstration of willingness to place oneself between the impending threat of evil and humanity’s desire for good. The history of the human race presents many demonstrations of courageous behavior covering a wide spectrum from the quietly peaceful refusal to comply with ignorant laws to the ultimate sacrifice of a human life in the hope that mankind will somehow benefit. The sacrifices made by the men and women that have served in Iraq as well as the progress they have achieved is not something that the American people should forget and it is certainly not something that we should allow to be thrown away for the benefit of self-serving politicians who think less of the American people and nation than they do of their own self-inflated sense of importance.